The Overrepresentation of People with Disabilities and Deaf People in Local Criminal Legal Systems

Overview

People with disabilities and Deaf people are dramatically overrepresented throughout local criminal legal systems, yet disability remains largely absent from justice reform efforts.

This report examines how disability intersects with race, poverty, and other forms of systemic inequity to shape involvement in the criminal legal system. It traces the historical roots of institutionalization and criminalization, documents disparities across local systems, and offers practical recommendations for centering disability equity in efforts to reduce incarceration.

Key Takeaways

• Disability is a major but often overlooked driver of incarceration.

• Local criminal legal systems disproportionately impact disabled, Deaf, Black, Indigenous, Latino, LGBTQ+, and low-income communities.

• Historical systems of segregation and institutionalization continue to influence modern justice systems.

• Disability equity strengthens public safety, improves outcomes, and advances meaningful justice reform.

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Download the complete report for research, data, policy recommendations, and implementation guidance.